Frontiers in Biomedicine: Pr Nigel Curtis

19.10.2023 12:30 – 13:30

«ACCIDENTAL ADVANTAGES AND UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF VACCINES»

Vaccines have played a pivotal role in combating infectious diseases. Although conventionally designed to provide targeted immunity against specific pathogens, a growing body of research suggests that vaccines may also have off-target (‘non-specific’) effects that extend beyond the intended pathogen. These effects can manifest in a variety of ways, impacting the immune system's response to other pathogens, both viral and bacterial, as well as autoimmune diseases.

The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, originally developed for tuberculosis, is a prime example. The immunomodulatory off-target effects of this vaccine provide broader protection associated with reduced all-cause infant mortality in high-risk settings. Similarly, the measles vaccine has demonstrated benefits in reducing all-cause mortality, indicating broader immunological effects.

Several theories have been proposed to explain the immunological mechanisms underlying these non-specific effects. One key hypothesis is trained immunity, the concept that exposure to stimuli such as BCG primes the innate immune system to respond more effectively to subsequent challenge with unrelated pathogens.

In his talk, Prof Curtis will explore the accidental advantages, as well as potential disadvantages, of vaccines. Drawing from his clinical trials and laboratory research, he will provide an overview of the recent advancements in this rapidly evolving field, which presents promising opportunities for designing more effective vaccines.